Method of applying plaster and stucco



w. H. ALToN METHOD OF APPLYING PLASTER AND STUCCO Fliled July '7 1925Feb. 23 1926.

INVENTR.

ATTORNEY Patented F eb. 23, 1926.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM H. .ALTON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO R. T. VANDERBILT COM-IPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., .A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.V

METHOD OF APPLYING BLASTER AND STUCCO.

Application filed July 7, 1925. Serial No. 41,947.

To all lwhom 'it may concern.'

Be it known that I, WILLIAM H. ALToN,-

citizen ofthe United States, and resident of Manhattan, New York city,in the county of New York and StateV of New York,lhave invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Methods of Applying Plaster and Stucco,of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an improved method of applying stucco, plasterand the like to the walls and ceilings of buildings and otherstructures.

`It is one of the objects of the present invention to provide a simpleand effective method of applying stucco or plaster to surfaces withoutthe use of metal or wooden lath. c

It is one of the advantages of the present invention that surfaces,Whether smooth or rough, can be treated to form a waterproof coatingwhich is capable of rmly holdingl stucco or plaster and which covers thesurface to be plastered smoothly and uniformly and prevents moisture orchemicals from the plaster or stuccol from penetrating into the surfaceso treated. f

It is a further advantage of the present invention that the novel,waterproof stucco base can be applied to walls, ceilings etc. of anyshape and requires a minimum of labor for its application.

In the past stucco or plaster has been applied to the walls of buildingsby means of` various types of lath, both metal and wood,`

which must be applied to the wall and which are open to numerousdisadvantages. When wooden lath is employed the tongues of plaster orstucco protruding between the laths are relied on to hold the plaster orstucco. In practice the plaster or stucco is wet when applied and thelaths absorb moisture with the resulting swelling of the Wood and ondrying out shrink away from the plaster or stucco tongues tending tocrack or break the tongues and, permitting the plaster or stucco to beeasily loosened.

Metal lath which is used to a large extent with stucco is easilyattacked by the chemicals in stucco or plaster, such as for examplechlorides, and when the stucco is applied to structures which come incontact with salt spray the absorbent character of the stucco causes itto absorb considerable quantities of salt water which in turn attack themetal lath causing it to rust and finally resulting in cracks and breaksin the stucco surface.

It has been proposed to overcome the defects of metal and wood laths byusing condelivered in rolls and is nailed on the walls in place ofwooden lath. It has also been proposed to form a rough surface on feltor paper byembedding gravel into the soft surface of the bituminousbinder, with which the paper or felt is coated or impregnated. Thesewaterproofed sheet laths are superior to the ordinary wood and metallath but are still subject to numerous disadvantages. Where transverseWooden strips are used the expansion and contraction of the woodenstrips causes loosening of the plaster as in the case ofpordinary Woodenlath. Further seriouspdisadvantages of sheet lath lie in the fact thatit is necessary to nail or otherwise fasten the sheet to the wall onwhich it is to be used. This practically restricts its utility to walls'of wood or composition which will'take nails as it is ditlicult orimpossible to fasten thesheet to metal or brick walls satisfactorily.Moreover the sheet is continuous only Where the Walls are straight andsmooth and of substantially rectangular shape. There the walls are ofunusual shape or are uneven the sheet must be cut with the resultantjoints or seams which permit moisture to penetrate with the result thatthe Walls are attacked and frequently tend to expand and thus crack thestucco or plaster applied to the sheet. The cutting and attaching of thesheet requires a considerable amount of skilled labor, and, where theWalls are of unusual shape there is much loss in cutting the sheet. Itis also difficult or impossible to apply the relatively stiff sheet-lathperfectly evenly and pockets may, and usually do, occur between the Walland the sheet. These pockets or glitters may become filled with waterwhich expands on freezing and tends to crack the stucco or plaster.

According to the present invention a smooth, uniform and continuoussheet of water proof plastic is applied to the wall or other structureto be plastered and fine gravel, coarse sand, crushed stone, glass,

cork, or similar granular substances are applied to the plastic coating,while still soft.

After hardening the coating presents a uniform, continuous roughenedsurface which readily takes plaster or stucco and which y retains itindefinitely as there is no tendency for the coating to expand orcontract under the iniuence of moisture and it forms a completeprotection to the underlying wall;

The invention will be described more particularly in connection with theaccompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a stuccoed wall with the stucco, gravel,and waterproof coating partly broken away.

Fig. 2 is a cross section thru a Wall stuclcoed according tothepresentinvention, the

section being taken along the line 2 2 of Fi 1. Y i

'he wall is shown at 1, the waterproofl plastic coating at 2 and thegravel or other granular material at 3. The stucco or plaster 4 isapplied to the Coating as shown.'

The waterproof plastic coating of my invention may be prepared. from anysuitable Waterproof plastics but I prefer to use pitches, such yasstearin pitch and the like, and bitumens such as tar, asphalt and theirderivatives and .which will hereinafter be referred to in thespecification and claims as bituminous plastics. It should be understoodthat while bituminous plastics are parpersions, either by means ofsolvents or in lthe form Yof water emulsions.

I may also use a combination of heat and solvents, -particularly in thecase of hard pitches or tars.

The method of the present invention will' be described more particularlyin the following specific example involving the use of water emulsionsof bituminous plastics as the plastic coating. Water emulsions ofbituminous plastics which may contain emulsiliable gums or resins andemulsifying or deflocculating agents are particularly advantageous inthe present process owing to the fact that these emulsions can beapplied cold and require no elaborate means for application.

92 parts of. asphalt, 8 parts of colloidal clay and a small amount ofsoa are ground together in' about 200 parts o water until they form aviscous liquid or thin paste.

The

The emulsication can advantageously be accelerated by the use ofmoderately elevated temperatures. The paste may be thickened by addingfine sand, asbestos liber, or other` inert filler, or in certain casesmay require thinning with lwater in order to produce the correctconsistency. The asphalt emulsion Iis then applied to the wall orsurface by means of a trowel, brush, cement gun, or other suitabledevice to form a layer of the desired thickness. material is thendistributed over the surface and embedded into it so as to produce arough irregular surface of protruding granules. The 'number of granulesper square inch may vary widely butis in general ffom 3 to 300.

The coated Wall Iisl then allowed to stand until it has dried whichperiod may range from a few hours to several days depending Granular onweather conditions, nature of the paste i and thickness of the layer.When dry the asphalt forms a hard, continuous water roof coating with arough surface to which plaster and stucco readily adheres.

The application of plaster or stucco is .carried out .in the usualmanner but in general the amount of stucco or plaster required is verymuch less'than with ordinary wood or metal lath. The plastered orstuccoed wall presents a smooth and uniform appearance and the stucco orplaster will .adhere indefinitely.

It will be seen that the present invention constitutes a simple, cheapand eiiicient method of applying stucco or plaster to any type or shape'of wall or ceiling and overcomes all of the disadvantages incident tothe types of lath which have hitherto been used.

I claim: i 1.' Method of plastering surfaces which comprises applyingthereto a viscous coatmaterial to provide a rough surface, per- Aingconsisting in a water emulsion ofbituminous plastic, embeddingthereingranular mitting the coating to harden and applying plasterthereto.

A method of plastering surfaces which comprises applying thereto avisi-ous coating consisting in a water emulsion of bituminous plasticcontaining colloidal clay, embedding granular material therein toprovide aA rough surface and applying.plaster thereto.

3. A method of plastering surfaces which comprises applying thereto aviscous coating conslstin 1n a Water emulsion -of asphalt and ollo1dalclay, embedding granular material therein to provide a` rough surface,permitting the coating to dry and applying plaster thereto.

4. method of plastering surfaces whichv 'comprises applying thereto a`viscous coat-v ing consisting in a water emulsion of bituminous plasticin the presence of a dclocculating agent, embedding therein granularmaterial to provide a rough surface, permitting the coating to` hardenand applying plaster thereto. y

5. The method of plastering surfaces which comprises applying thereto aviscous coating consisting in a Water emulsion of bituminous plastic andcolloidal clay containing small amounts of a dellocculating agent,embedding granular material therein to provide a rough surface andapplying plaster thereto.

6. A method of plastering surfaces which of asphalt, 8 parts ofcolloidal clay7 and 200 parts of Water in the presence of a small amountof soap, embedding granular material in the coating to provide L roughsurface, permitting the coating to harden and applying plaster thereto.

7 A method of plastering surfaces which comprises applying thereto ,aViscous coating consisting in a dispersion of bituminous vplastic inamedium containing a -.olvent of said plastic, embedding granular.material into the coating to provide a roughsurface and applying plasterthereto.

Signed at New York city in the county of New York and State of New Yorkthis l6th day of July A. D. 1925.

WILLIAM H, ALTON

